Thursday, June 29, 2017

Nigeria: Things Have Truly Fallen Apart.

by Eze Eluchie,

"Things fall apart, the centre cannot hold; mere anarchy is loosed upon the world...." {The Second Coming' by W.B.Yeats, 1919}

The maxim, ‘no news is good news’ has in the course of the past two years, attained the status of fact in Nigeria. Whenever there is a news item on Nigeria in the global news media, it is either the extremist Islamist terror outfit, Boko Haram has staged yet another fatal attack in Nigeria’s north-eastern region leading to the death of innumerable persons or that a suicide bomber has blown him/herself up, taking some innocent bystanders to an early death; or that militants in the ever restive oil-rich Niger Delta region have blown up one oil pipeline or abducted some expatriate staff of oil producing companies; or the ever aggressive Fulani Herdsmen/militia have struck at yet another village in Nigeria’s middle belt region in what is now realized as systematic acts of ethnic cleansing; or one of several separatist ethnocentric groups, such as the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB)/Independent Peoples of Biafra (IPOB) in the south-east region, the Republic of the Niger Delta (RONDEL) in the south-south region, the Odua People’s Congress (OPC) in the western region and the Arewa Youths (AY) in the north-central region, all threatening to secede from Nigeria or issuing quit notices to members of other ethnic groups to evacuate from their respective regions.

When there appears to be a pause in news of extreme terror and physical violence, a tirade of fiscal violence which further deepens the poverty of the Nigerian population overwhelms news coverage. Its either millions of US Dollars stashed away in some unwholesome place (such as burial grounds, septic tanks or in abandoned buildings) surfaces with no one coming forward to claim ownership; or the entire public sector workers in a given state are being owed several months salaries, while thousands of ‘ghost-workers’ {names which receive salaries but are really non-existent} get continually unearthed without any efforts to recover monies paid to ghosts nor prosecute those who received these salaries on behalf of the ‘ghost-workers’; or entire budgetary allocations of government agencies get carted away be those charged with the peoples welfare.

Agreed, Nigeria had never been an El-Dorado. Like most mineral-rich emerging states, divisions along ethno-religious lines, being governed by kleptocrats and prevailing endemic corruption served to impede any real prospects of sustainable national development. Yet the level of depreciation and degradation in national and human life, expectations and prospects has sharply declined in the course of the past 2 years, has been most astonishing. From being the largest and fastest growing economy in Sub Sahara Africa in year 2014, a choice destination for Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), Nigeria has plummeted to being a pariah state for investors.  

Indeed in Nigeria, things have fallen apart. The question however now is: how did we get here and what can be done to hasten an exit from the quagmire we find ourselves enmeshed in before the situation generates to full-blown mayhem requiring international intervention to quell?

Cause of the Sharp fall: Conscious of the multi-ethnic and multi-religious composition of Nigeria, past rulers of the country had gone to great lengths to ensure some semblance of equity and balance in their appointments, allocation of national revenue and resources and showing respect for the various ethnicities and religious groups in Nigeria – thus creating a semblance of equilibrium and unity. The emergence of Muhammadu Buhari altered this delicate balance.

The hasty descent begun on the 29th May, 2015 with the swearing in into office as President of Nigeria of a man of known extremist Islamic disposition who had severally committed himself to ensuring that the Islamic law principles, the Shari’a, was implemented all across Nigeria and who seems more intent to promote nepotism and ethnic preferences far and above any pretence at national cohesion and unity. The insensitivity to the yearnings of the various ethnic groups which the Buhari regime perceived as ‘opposition groups’, gave rise to heightened agitation for self-actualization and disintegration from Nigeria. The component ethnicities of the Nigerian federation who felt disrespected, unwelcome and insulted by several statements, nature of appointments made and general mannerism of the new President naturally felt they would be better off on their own than by being subservient citizens in a country that should ordinarily be theirs.

The agitations for self-determination and splitting from the Nigerian federation are gathering momentum across various regions of Nigeria. A combination of the following factors: 1). the proliferation of arms in the West African region, 2). seizure of several container loads of illicitly imported arms at various ports in Nigeria – raising the prospect that many other containers had surreptitiously been smuggled in, 3). extremely high unemployment rate amongst Nigerian youths, and 4). the festering violent agitations by Boko Haram, Fulani Herdsmen and some elements among the Niger Delta youths exposes the fact that Nigeria in perched on a very precarious position, akin to being atop a ticking time bomb which can blow-up at any moment.

A way out of the mess:  There is need, as a matter of utmost urgency, for the constituent peoples of the Nigerian federation to dialogue over the avalanche of perceived and or real issues of marginalization, injustice and inequity which continue to fan the embers of discord amongst the peoples of Nigeria. Considering the fact that the very coming into existence of Nigeria as a single entity was by fiat from erstwhile colonial overlords, Great Britain; that the present structure of the Nigerian state into 36 States and 774 Local Government Areas; and the composition of the State and National Assemblies are all factors causing disaffection, such a dialogue process must be sovereign with broad scope and powers to inquire into all and everything surrounding the Nigerian state including but not restricted to its structure and continued existence.

In the event that such dialogue process cannot be organized internally by Nigerians, it would be advisable for such dialogue process to be supervised/moderated by external authorities such as the United nations or the African Union to ensure objective outcomes.. 

Considering Nigeria’s projected population size of over 180 million, the prospect of the ongoing tension in Nigeria degenerating into full-scale conflict and the nightmarish scenario of its huge population streaming across international borders ad overwhelming neighbouring West African countries is too horrendous to be contemplated. It is therefore advised as a matter of utmost urgency, that a sovereign dialogue process of the various ethnic nationalities in Nigeria be convened to discuss on a path forward for the Nigerian state, to determine whether the country will continue to exist as one entity or as separate entities, and under what conditions such coexistence shall be based.



Picture: Map of Nigeria featuring the present 36 States structure which must be restructured if the country has to have any chance at a future:


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